Compilation strategies Just-in-time (JIT) Tracing just-in-time Ahead-of-time (AOT) Transcompilation Recompilation

Dynamic compilation Incremental compilation

boostraping compiler...........>>>??

Microcode ?? isa

runtimes

Java virtual machine (JVM) V8 and Node.js CPython and PyPy

Tool chain

GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) LLVM and Clang